In the past, many diseases have been named after geographical locations, such as the Spanish flu, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and Zika virus. 14 Effect on other diseases and the pharmacy tradeĭuring the initial outbreak in Wuhan, the virus and disease were commonly referred to as "coronavirus" and "Wuhan coronavirus", with the disease sometimes called "Wuhan pneumonia".13.1 Transmission and prevention research.6.9 International travel-related control measures.6.3 Indoor ventilation and avoiding crowded indoor spaces.Management involves the treatment of symptoms, supportive care, isolation, and experimental measures. While work is underway to develop drugs that inhibit the virus, the primary treatment is symptomatic. The use of face masks or coverings has been recommended in public settings to minimize the risk of transmissions. Other preventive measures include physical or social distancing, quarantining, ventilation of indoor spaces, covering coughs and sneezes, hand washing, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face. Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and distributed in various countries, which have initiated mass vaccination campaigns. The standard diagnostic method is by detection of the virus' nucleic acid by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), or by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) from a nasopharyngeal swab.
Several testing methods have been developed to diagnose the disease. People remain contagious for up to 20 days, and can spread the virus even if they do not develop symptoms. Transmission can also occur if splashed or sprayed with contaminated fluids in the eyes, nose or mouth, and, rarely, via contaminated surfaces. The risk of breathing these in is highest when people are in close proximity, but they can be inhaled over longer distances, particularly indoors. ĬOVID-19 transmits when people breathe in air contaminated by droplets and small airborne particles containing the virus. Multi-year studies are underway to further investigate the long-term effects of the disease. Some people continue to experience a range of effects ( long COVID) for months after recovery, and damage to organs has been observed. Older people are at a higher risk of developing severe symptoms. Of those people who develop symptoms noticeable enough to be classed as patients, most (81%) develop mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia), while 14% develop severe symptoms ( dyspnea, hypoxia, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging), and 5% suffer critical symptoms ( respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan dysfunction). At least a third of people who are infected do not develop noticeable symptoms. Symptoms may begin one to fourteen days after exposure to the virus. Symptoms of COVID-19 are variable, but often include fever, cough, headache, fatigue, breathing difficulties, and loss of smell and taste. The disease has since spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic. The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Void where prohibited.Coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Offer subject to change or cancellation without notice.
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